Problem # 30: Separation Techniques [Solved]

Separating mixtures into their components is part of Analytical chemistry, and one of the tasks of a chemist.

Mixture

Objective

Suggested Separation Techniques

Choose the best Separation Technique

Underlying Principle or guiding Criteria

Water (H2O) + Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4), immiscible liquids

Separation and collection of the two components separately

Vaporization, Filtration, Decantation

Decantation

Difference in density of the components

An aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl (aq)

Separation and collection of NaCl(s)

Chromatography, Vaporization, Extraction by solvent

Vaporization

Difference in the B.P. of the components

Mixture of sand, SO2(s), and water

Separation and collection of both components separately

Vaporization, Crystallization, Filtration

Filtration

Difference in size of the particles of the components

Aqueous solution of Alcohol (C2H5OH)

Separation and collection of both components

Evaporation, Distillation, Chromatography

Distillation

Difference in the B.P. of the components

Butter Milk

Separation into Butter and Water and collection of Butter only.

Decantation, Sieving, Centrifugation,

Centrifugation

Difference in the densities of the components

Barks, Leaves, and Flowers from plants

Isolation  of Medicines

Sieving, Extraction by Solvent, Decantation

Extraction by solvent

Difference in the solubility of the components in a given solvent

Crude Oil

Source of different petroleum products

Fractional distillation, Extraction by solvent, Gas chromatography.

Fractional distillation

Difference in the B.P. of the components

Ink

Separation of the composing colored substances

Gas chromatography, Solvent extraction, Thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

The distribution of components based on relative affinities (interactions) with the stationary (thin layer) and the mobile (solvent) phases.