Problem # 30: Separation Techniques [Solved]

Separating mixtures into their components is part of Analytical chemistry, and one of the tasks of a chemist.

Mixture	Objective	Suggested Separation Techniques	Choose the best Separation Technique	Underlying Principle or guiding Criteria
Water (H₂O) + Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄), immiscible liquids	Separation and collection of the two components separately	Vaporization, Filtration, Decantation	Decantation	Difference in density of the components
An aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl (aq)	Separation and collection of NaCl(s)	Chromatography, Vaporization, Extraction by solvent	Vaporization	Difference in the B.P. of the components
Mixture of sand, SO₂(s), and water	Separation and collection of both components separately	Vaporization, Crystallization, Filtration	Filtration	Difference in size of the particles of the components
Aqueous solution of Alcohol (C₂H₅OH)	Separation and collection of both components	Evaporation, Distillation, Chromatography	Distillation	Difference in the B.P. of the components
Butter Milk	Separation into Butter and Water and collection of Butter only.	Decantation, Sieving, Centrifugation,	Centrifugation	Difference in the densities of the components
Barks, Leaves, and Flowers from plants	Isolation of Medicines	Sieving, Extraction by Solvent, Decantation	Extraction by solvent	Difference in the solubility of the components in a given solvent
Crude Oil	Source of different petroleum products	Fractional distillation, Extraction by solvent, Gas chromatography.	Fractional distillation	Difference in the B.P. of the components
Ink	Separation of the composing colored substances	Gas chromatography, Solvent extraction, Thin layer chromatography	Thin layer chromatography (TLC)	The distribution of components based on relative affinities (interactions) with the stationary (thin layer) and the mobile (solvent) phases.